A time and motion study, sometimes known as a time-motion study, is a business efficiency technique that combines Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Time Study and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth’s Motion Study (the same couple is best known through the biographical 1950 film and book Cheaper by the Dozen). It plays a significant role in scientific management (Taylorism). Time study developed after its initial introduction in the direction of creating standard timings, whereas motion study grew into a strategy for enhancing work processes. The two methods were combined and improved into a widely used approach that may be used to upgrade and improve work systems.
The scientific study of the conservation of human resources in the quest for the most effective way to complete a task is known as time and motion study (sometimes known as motion and time study; the phrases are interchangeable). In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when it was regarded as one of the most significant notions, the word “efficiency” became a source of curiosity. The “father of scientific management,” Frederick W. Taylor, pioneered time study as a method of calculating salary rates in the 1880s. It comprises a wide range of techniques for estimating the length of time needed, under specific, accepted measurement circumstances, for jobs requiring some level of human effort. Frank B. and Lillian M. Gilbreth created the motion study, which consists of a wide range of processes for the description, systematic analysis, and ways to enhance work practices. It is challenging to fully distinguish between these two facets. Therefore, the collective phrase typically refers to all three stages of the activity—method selection, time evaluation, and creation of material for the use of these data—in one sentence. Additionally, Frank and Lillian expanded scientific management by incorporating the human aspect, using psychology to enlist the assistance of the workforce. Motion and time analysis can be used to identify the preferred method of performing the task and can aid with efficient management or control of the activity.
Numerous other human endeavors, including those in industries, hospitals, department stores, homes, banks, cafeteria labor, libraries, and the performing arts, have all benefited from the application of this strategy. For instance, companies have utilized it to cut down on waste and speed up work completion, while banks use it to support team members in achieving sales targets. A time and motion study’s main objective is not merely effectiveness, though. These studies are conducted to provide a baseline for use in the future when assessing changes to procedures, equipment, or personnel. Understanding the abilities needed to enable people to accomplish the work and, consequently, providing the appropriate training, can be the objective.
